道德情操论（中文导读英文版）

简介

The Theory of Moral Sentiments，中文译名为《道德情操论》，它由英国著名古典政治经济学家、现代西方经济学之父、哲学家亚当·斯密编著。这是一部划时代的巨著，是古典经济学的哲学基础。全书共有七卷，主要阐释道德情感的本质和道德评价的性质。书中列举了支配人类行为的各种动机，包括自爱、同情心、追求自由的欲望、正义感、劳动习惯和交换倾向等，认为一个人的同情心与思维构造是形成其独特的道德情操、道德判断及美德的基础；阐述了人本性中所有的同情的情感是形成其道德取向的基础，是人类正义感和其他一切道德情感的形成根源，由此说明道德评价的性质，以此为基础表明各种基本美德的特征，并向世人强调：道德和正义对于社会乃至市场经济的运行是非常重要的。
　　无论是作为哲学和经济学等专业的经典读本，还是作为语言学习的课外读物，本书对当代中国读者，特别是对哲学和经济学等相关专业学习的大学生和从事研究工作的学者都将产生积极的影响。为了使读者能够了解每个论述主题的主要内容，进而提高阅读速度和阅读水平，在每个主题的开始部分增加了中文导读。

目录

第一卷  论行为的适宜性/
Part One  Of the Propriety of Action
第一篇  论适宜性/
SectionⅠ  Of the Sense of Propriety	2
第一章  论同情/
Chapter 1  Of Sympathy	3
第二章  论相互同情的快乐/
Chapter 2  Of the Pleasure of mutual Sympathy	10
第三章  论比较他人的感情与我们的感情是否一致来判断他
人感情是否适宜的方式/
Chapter 3  Of the manner in which we judge of the propriety 
or impropriety of the Affections of other Men, by their 
concord or dissonance with our own	14
第四章  续前章/
Chapter 4  The same subject continued	19
第五章  论亲切的和值得尊敬的美德/
Chapter 5  Of the amiable and respectable virtues	26
第二篇  论各种适宜的激情程度/
Section Ⅱ  Of the Degrees of the different Passions which are 
consistent with Propriety	31
引言/
Introduction	32
第一章  论源于身体的激情/
Chapter 1  Of the Passions which take their origin from the body	34
第二章  论源于某种特殊倾向或想象习惯的激情/
Chapter 2  Of those Passions which take their origin from a particular 
turn or habit of the Imagination	40
第三章  论不友好的激情/
Chapter 3  Of the unsocial Passions	45
第四章  论友好的激情/
Chapter 4  Of the social Passions	52
第五章  论自私的激情/
Chapter 5  Of the selfish Passions	55
第三篇  论繁荣和灾祸对人们判断行为是否适宜所产生的影响；
以及为什么在一种情形下比在另一种情况下更容易获
得人们的认可/
Section Ⅲ  Of the Effects of Prosperity and Adversity upon the 
Judgment of Mankind with regard to the Propriety 
of Action; and why it is more easy to obtain their 
Approbation in the one state than in the other	60
第一章  虽然我们对悲伤的同情一般比对快乐的同情更为强烈，
但是它通常远没有主要当事人自然感受到的强烈/
Chapter 1  That though our sympathy with sorrow is generally 
a more lively sensation than our sympathy with joy, 
it commonly falls much more short of the violence of 
what is naturally felt by the person principally concerned	61
第二章  论野心的起源和社会阶层的区别/
Chapter 2  Of the origin of Ambition, 
and of the distinction of Ranks	70
第三章  论源于钦佩富人和大人物、轻视或忽视穷人和
小人物的道德情操败坏/
Chapter 3  Of the corruption of our moral sentiments, which is 
occasioned by this disposition to admire the rich and 
the great, and to despise or neglect persons of poor and 
mean condition	83
第二卷  论优、缺点；报答与惩处的对象/
Part Two  Of Merit and Demerit; or of the Objects of 
Reward and Punishment
第一篇  论对优点和缺点的感觉/
Section Ⅰ  Of the Sense of Merit and Demerit	92
引言/
Introduction	93
第一章  任何适宜的感激对象的行为显然应该得到报答；同样，
任何适宜的愤恨对象的行为显然应该受到惩罚	95
Chapter 1  That whatever appears to be the proper object of 
gratitude appears to deserve reward; and that, in the 
same manner, whatever appears to be the proper object 
of resentment, appears to deserve punishment	95
第二章  论适当的感激对象和适当的愤恨对象/
Chapter 2  Of the proper objects of gratitude and resentment	99
第三章  不认可施恩者的行为，就几乎不会同情受益者的感激；
相反，对损人者的动机表示认同，对受难者的愤恨就
不会有一点同情/
Chapter 3  That where there is no approbation of the conduct of 
the person who confers the benefit, there is little sympathy 
with the gratitude of him who receives it: and that, on the 
contrary, where there is no disapprobation of the motives of 
the person who does the mischief, there is no sort of 
sympathy with the resentment of him who suffers it	103
第四章  对前几章的概括/
Chapter 4  Recapitulation of the foregoing chapters	106
第五章  对优点和缺点感觉的分析/
Chapter 5  The analysis of the sense of Merit and Demerit	108
第二篇  论正义和仁慈/
Section two  Of Justice and Beneficence	115
第一章  两种美德的比较/
Chapter 1  Comparison of those two virtues	116
第二章  论对正义、懊悔的感觉，兼论对优点的意识/
Chapter 2  Of the sense of Justice, of Remorse, and of the 
consciousness of Merit	122
第三章  论这种天性构成的效用/
Chapter 3  Of the utility of this constitution of Nature	127
第三篇  关于行为的优点或缺点，论命运对人类情感的影响
Section Ⅲ  Of the Influence of Fortune upon the Sentiments of 
Mankind, with regard to the Merit or Demerit 
of Actions	136
引言/
Introduction	137
第一章  论这种命运产生影响的原因/
Chapter 1  Of the causes of this Influence of Fortune	140
第二章  论这种命运产生影响的程度/
Chapter 2  Of the extent of this Influence of Fortune	145
第三章  论这种无规律情感变化的最终原因/
Chapter 3  Of the final cause of this Irregularity of Sentiments	155
第三卷  论评判自己的情感和行为的基础，兼论责任感/
Part Three  Of the Foundation of our Judgments concerning our own Sentiments and Conduct, and of the Sense of Duty
第一章  论自我认同和不认同的原则/
Chapter 1  Of the Principle of Self-approbation and 
of Self-disapprobation	162
第二章  论对赞扬和值得赞扬的喜欢；兼论对责备和
该受责备的恐惧/
Chapter 2  Of the love of Praise, and of that of Praise-worthiness; 
and of the dread of Blame, and of that of 
Blame-worthiness	167
第三章  论良心的威信和影响/
Chapter 3  Of the Influence and Authority of Conscience	190
第四章  论自欺欺人的本性，兼论一般准则的起源和用途/
Chapter 4  Of the Nature of Self-deceit, and of the origin and 
Use of general Rules	217
第五章  论道德的通常规则的影响和威信，以及它们被公正
地看作神的法则/
Chapter 5  Of the influence and authority of the general Rules of 
Morality, and that they are justly regarded as the Laws 
of the Deity	224
第六章  在何种情况下，责任感应该成为人们行为的
唯一准则；在何种情况下，它应该同
其他动机一起发生作用/
Chapter 6  In what cases the Sense of Duty ought to be 
the sole principle of our conduct; and in what 
cases it ought to concur with other motives	237
第四卷  论效用对认同情感的作用/
Part Four  Of the Effect of Utility upon the 
Sentiment of Approbation
第一章  论效用的表现赋予所有艺术作品的美，兼论这种
美所具有的广泛影响	250
Chapter 1  Of the beauty which the appearance of Utility bestows 
upon all the productions of Art, and of the extensive 
influence of this species of Beauty	250
第二章  论效用的表现赋予人的行为和品格的美，以及关于
这种美的概念可能在何种程度上被看成一种原始的
认同原则	261
Chapter 2  Of the beauty which the appearance of Utility bestows 
upon the characters and actions of men; and how far the 
perception of this beauty may be regarded as one of the 
original principles of approbation	261
第五卷  习惯和风气对认同的与不认同的道德情操的影响/
Part Five  Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion upon the 
Sentiments of Moral Approbation and Disapprobation
第一章  论习惯和风气施加于人们对美和丑看法的影响/
Chapter 1  Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion upon 
our notions of Beauty and Deformity	272
第二章  论习惯和风气对道德情感的影响/
Chapter 2  Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion upon 
Moral Sentiments	281
第六卷  论美德的品格/
Part Six  Of the Character of Virtue
引言/
Introduction	298
第一篇  论个人的品格，就它对其幸福的影响而言；或论谨慎/
SECTION Ⅰ  Of the Character of the Individual, so far as it 
affects his own Happiness; or of Prudence	299
第二篇  论个人的品格，就它对其他人幸福的影响/
SECTION Ⅱ  Of the Character of the Individual, so far as it 
can affect the Happiness of other People	308
引言/
Introduction	309
第一章  论天性致使个人成为我们关心和注意的对象
所依据的次序/
Chapter 1  Of the Order in which Individuals are recommended 
by Nature to our Care and Attention	311
第二章  论天性使社会团体成为人们行善对象的次序/
Chapter 2  Of the Order in which societies are by Nature 
recommended to our Beneficence	324
第三章  论世界性的行善/
Chapter 3  Of universal Benevolence	334
第三篇  论自我支配/
SECTION Ⅲ  Of Self-command	338
第六卷的结论/
Conclusion of the Sixth Part	371
第七卷  论道德的哲学体系/
Part Seven  Of Systems of Moral Philosophy
第一篇  论应当在道德情感理论中考虑的问题/
SECTION Ⅰ  Of the Questions which ought to be 
examined in a Theory of Moral Sentiments	376
第二篇  论已对美德的本质做出的各种说明/
SECTION Ⅱ  Of the different Accounts which have been 
given of the Nature of Virtue	379
引言/
Introduction	380
第一章  论认为美德存在于适宜性之中的那些体系/
Chapter 1  Of those Systems which make Virtue 
consist in Propriety	382
第二章  论认为美德存在于谨慎之中的那些体系/
Chapter 2  Of those Systems which make Virtue 
consist in Prudence	413
第三章  论认为美德存在于善行之中的那些体系/
Chapter 3  Of those Systems which make Virtue consist in Benevolence	421
第四章  论放肆的体系/
Chapter 4  Of licentious Systems	430
第三篇  论已经形成的有关认同原则的各种体系/
SECTION Ⅲ  Of the different Systems which have been 
formed concerning the Principle of 
Approbation	441
引言/
Introduction	442
第一章  论从自爱推断出认同原则的那些体系/
Chapter 1  Of those Systems which deduce the Principle of 
Approbation from self-love	444
第二章  论把理性看成认同原则的根源的那些体系/
Chapter 2  Of those Systems which make Reason the Principle of 
Approbation	448
第三章  论把情感看成认同原则的根源的那些体系/
Chapter 3  Of those Systems which make Sentiment the 
Principle of Approbation	453
第四篇  论不同的作者论述道德实践规则的方式/
SECTION Ⅳ  Of the Manner in which different Authors have 
treated of the practical Rules of Morality	462